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2025 Graduate Research Symposium Presenters

 

Meet our Researchers

Presented below, in alphabetical order, you can meet our researchers. Click on their name to read more about them, their research, and their study concentration.

 
Andrade, Jessica - C&I Lawson, Guadalupe - C&I Sharvit, Adielle - HECSA
Bartlett, Ashley - HECSA Leung, Stanley - HECSA Smith, Ash - HECSA

Berger, Stephanie - C&I

Lucero, Miranda - C&I Teitelbaum, Nicolette - C&I
Blair, Emma - HECSA Marfia, Collin - HECSA Thayer, Grace - C&I
Brown, Tessa - C&I Mayes, Brittany - C&I Thomas, Russel - C&I
Bryne, Kenneth - C&I Mink, Grace - C&I Vargas-Castaneda - HECSA
Cardenas, Julie - C&I Montaseri, Armin - HECSA Varquez, Gabe - HECSA
Costello, Krysten - C&I Mota, Anthony - HECSA Victor, Cassandra - C&I
Escobar, Caroline - C&I Oropeza Lazarro, Niyvi - C&I Von Gober, Sydney - C&I
Giacinto, John - C&I Puccinelli, Jessica - C&I Walker, Nora - C&I
Gulbranson, Abby - C&I Ramos-Manzo, Sandra - C&I White, Jillian - C&I
Higginbotham, Amanda - C&I Reyes, Cristian - HECSA Williams, Morgan - HECSA

Kaplan, Leah - C&I

Rojas, Sonia - HECSA  
Kleinsmith, Asher - C&I Ruhl, Samantha - C&I  

Andrade, Jessica

Curriculum and Instruction

RESEARCH TITLE

Project Based Learning in a 6th Grade History Classroom

ABSTRACT

Project Based Learning (PBL) has been on the rise in the education system as an innovative pedagogical approach that is significantly aligned with modern teaching philosophies (Hernández-Ramos & De La Paz, 2009). Project Based Learning was created to help students build their critical thinking skills and give them agency and choice in their learning (Hernández-Ramos & De La Paz, 2009). PBL also addresses issues with students' lack of motivation to learn (Hernández-Ramos & De La Paz, 2009). PBL is a teaching method that shifts the focus from teacher-centered instruction to student-driven projects. These projects are long-term, cross-subject, and relevant to real-life situations (Harada et al., 2008). When using PBL, the educator begins with an essential question for students that is a real world problem and then has students come up with a solution to the problem and create a project to explain their solution. This research study aims to (1) address how PBL impacts student motivation in the topics they are learning, this will involve measuring students' attitudes towards learning, their self-beliefs, and their willingness to engage in challenging tasks, (2) Building and enhancing students' critical thinking skills, this involves doing pre- and post- assessments based on evaluating students' critical thinking skills and knowledge of the topic, (3) Improvement of cooperation and communication skills of students, this will be tracked with periodic forms filled out by students on what is working in regards to communication/cooperation and what is not working or if they need support in addressing cooperation/communication.By addressing these objectives, this research will provide valuable insights of how Project Based Learning impacts students' engagement, motivation, and 21st Century skills and inform educators on how lessons can be structured in their classrooms. Educators will also be informed of any misunderstandings or problems that can arise while teaching using Project-Based Learning.

 

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Bartlett, Ashley

Higher Education Counseling and Student Affairs

Ashley is a first-year graduate student in Cal Poly’s Higher Education Counseling and Student Affairs (HECSA) program, where she is continuing her passion for supporting student success. She also earned her B.S. in Child Development from Cal Poly. Currently, Ashley serves as an Academic Coach with the Mustang Success Center through Athletic Advising. This summer, she will expand her role in Athletic Advising as the department’s graduate assistant.

Outside of her academic and professional commitments, Ashley enjoys spending quality time with friends and family, relaxing at the beach, and dancing. Zumba is one of her favorite hobbies. Among her most meaningful experiences at Cal Poly has been serving as a leader and mentor with Cru Cal Poly SLO, where she’s helped students build meaningful connections and find a sense of belonging on campus.

Looking ahead, Ashley aspires to pursue a full-time career as an athletic academic advisor at a university, ideally staying close to the Central Coast.

LinkedIn

RESEARCH TITLE

Finding the person within athlete

ABSTRACT

Historically, strong athletic identity correlates with a greater importance of athletics in a person’s life (Brewer, 1993). The greater importance that an athlete places on athletics, the more time they spend in their sport, and the more likely they are to play their sport at the next level (Tompsett and Knoester, 2022). Interestingly, the higher the level that an athlete competes at, the stronger their athletic identity becomes (Lamont-Mills et al., 2006). When an athlete’s identity is strongly tied to their sport, the question arises—who will they become when their sport is no longer part of their life? According to the NCAA, only 2% of college athletes play their sport at the professional level after college (NCAA.org). This means 98% of college athletes will retire from their sport after college. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore how retired college athletes reconstruct their identity as they transition from being a student-athlete to working in the professional world. Grounded in a post-structuralist paradigm this study will be a systematic literature review looking at existing literature on the topic of athletic identity and the transition for collegiate sport to sport retirement. My hope is to identify themes in the literature as to get a better idea of what the transition out of athletics is like for college athletes, gaining a better understanding of what it looks like for an athlete to reconstruct their identity. Given that college athletes typical do not play their sport past the colligate level, it makes sense that athletes will have to spend some time reconstructing their identity after college. This research can help inform professionals on how to best support athletes as they prepare to make the transition to sport retirement.

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Berger, Stephanie

curriculum and instruction

RESEARCH TITLE

Effects of Number Talks on Student Ability to Justify their Thinking and Reason Abstractly

ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine the impact of integrating number talks into the 4th-grade curriculum on students’ mathematical mindset and their capacity to provide reasoned justifications for their thinking. Mixed method data collection will be used to evaluate the study. The research will be recorded through videos of two number talks, followed by an exit ticket tied to that day’s number talk, a pre and post survey, and three interviews after the number talks have concluded. Number talks can be a valuable tool to cultivate deeper conceptual understanding in mathematics. The expected results of this number talk would be for students to improve in their ability to explain their mathematical thinking, either verbally or in written form. Additionally, there is a hope that students will develop more of a growth mindset through this study. The information gained from this research may help education professionals better understand the effect of number talks in an elementary math lesson.

 

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Blair, Emma

Higher education counseling and student affairs 

Raised in rural Sacramento County, Emma's love for agriculture brought her to Cal Poly in the Fall of 2017, earning a Bachelor of Science degree in Agricultural Communication and a Bachelor of Arts degree in Spanish in 2021. After graduation, she stayed in the area and eventually landed a job in the Construction Management Department at Cal Poly as an Administrative Support Coordinator. Emma has always had a strong interest in academic advising, which led to her pursuing a master’s in Higher Education Counseling/Student Affairs. Most of her research is related to the Construction Management Department because she received a lot of support from the students, faculty and staff from this department and she wants to give back to the CM program as much as she can.

LinkedIn

RESEARCH TITLE

CSU Construction Management Program Transferability Analysis

ABSTRACT

Cal Poly’s transfer student acceptance rate is 55% lower than the average CSU transfer acceptance rate. Of the 18 CSU campuses that had transfer admission data on the CSU website, the average is 72.69% of students who apply to transfer get accepted. Cal Poly’s transfer admission rate is 17.7% (California State University 2025). In 2023, there was a 7% increase in students transferring from California Community Colleges to California State University campuses (California State University 2024). There must be a more streamlined pathway to increase the transfer admissions at Cal Poly. All bachelor’s degree programs from campuses within the California State University system should create articulation agreements with all campuses within the California Community College system that have similar areas of study to increase the transfer rate among these systems. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore how other ACCE accredited Construction Management programs within the California State University system partner with California Community Colleges to make the transfer admission process more obtainable. This study employs a qualitative content analysis approach where preliminary analysis indicates that the more robust the articulation agreements are, the easier it is for students to transfer to those universities. Given the data of low transfer admissions to Cal Poly, findings of this study suggest that having clearer pathways for students in their specific area of study will increase the possibility of transferring to Cal Poly.

 

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Brown, Tessa

Curriculum and instruction

RESEARCH TITLE

Redesigning Professional Development for Retention: Leveraging Teacher Leadership and Continuous Improvement in Urban Schools

ABSTRACT

This study investigates how redesigning professional development through teacher-led continuous improvement cycles can promote teacher retention in high-turnover urban schools. Drawing on research in distributed leadership, school improvement, and teacher resilience, the study explores how empowering teacher leaders to guide collaborative professional learning can improve working conditions and reduce attrition. At the center of the intervention is a redesigned PD model in which teacher leaders facilitate bi-monthly PLC meetings using a design thinking framework focused on improving student writing. These leaders also participate in leadership development and share their department’s progress at quarterly all-staff convenings.

Using a mixed-methods approach, the study triangulates data from surveys and empathy interviews to assess teachers’ experiences of belonging, efficacy, and leadership within their PLCs. Quantitative data are analyzed by teacher subgroups (early-career, veteran, and PLC leaders), while qualitative data are coded for themes related to retention.

Given the national teacher retention crisis and the 20% annual turnover rate at the study site, this research has the potential to inform PD models across similar urban schools. It contributes to the growing body of work suggesting that teacher leadership and continuous improvement can serve as key levers for sustaining a stable and thriving educator workforce.

 

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Byrne, Kenneth

curriculum and instruction

RESEARCH TITLE

The Effects of Collaborative learning on Student Engagement and Motivation

ABSTRACT

This study examines the implementation of collaborative learning strategies in a ninth grade mathematics classroom and their impact on student engagement and motivation. This study was conducted by a first year math teacher with minimal experience of utilizing collaborative learning within the classroom. This study adopts a pragmatic research paradigm to explore the impact of collaborative learning on student engagement and motivation in high school mathematics. This study aims to identify actionable strategies that enhance student engagement and motivation, driving meaningful improvements in the classroom. This study uses a mixed-method approach to analyze trends in student engagement and motivation. Quantitative data will be collected from pre- and post-surveys to assess students’ measure of engagement and motivation before and after the intervention. Qualitative data will be collected from open-ended survey questions and participant interviews to examine shifts in students’ perceptions of engagement and motivation, the collaborative factors driving these changes, and their underlying reasoning. Interview responses will be transcribed and thematically coded to uncover key patterns in students’ perceptions of collaboration, motivation shifts, and participation barriers. This study provides data driven insights of how different collaborative learning strategies may increase student engagement and motivation in high school mathematics. Findings from this study may contribute to curriculum development for educators seeking to involve more collaborative based learning to encourage critical thinking and peer interaction.

 

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Cardenas, Julie

higher education counseling and student affairs

Julie (she/her/ella) is a first-year graduate student in the Higher Education Counseling and Student Affairs (HECSA) program. She went to Santa Monica College and later transferred to UCLA, where she received her B.A. in Sociology and a B.A. in Education and Social Transformation. She currently works as the Study Abroad Graduate Intern, where she enjoy sharing her experiences abroad with other students. This summer, Julie will be traveling to Vietnam as part of the Alternative Breaks Global Service Trip through Cal Poly’s Center for Service in Action.

LinkedIn

RESEARCH TITLE

Is the California College Promise Program Achieving Its Goals?

ABSTRACT

This research project examines whether the California College Promise Program is fulfilling its intended purpose of expanding access to higher education and improving student success outcomes. The main objective is to understand how the program has impacted students from underrepresented and low-income backgrounds. The methodology will involve a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis from publicly available sources with qualitative content analysis of policy documents and institutional reports. While results are still in progress, I expect to find that the California College Promise Program has helped boost enrollment but does not fully address deeper challenges like retention and degree completion for all student groups. This study’s scholarly significance lies in informing policymakers, educators, and researchers about the effectiveness of state-funded college access programs and offering recommendations for strengthening future initiatives to promote equitable student outcomes.

 

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Costello, Krysten

curriculum and instruction

RESEARCH TITLE

How Families Shape Literacy of Emergent Bilingual Students

ABSTRACT

This research project is a case study examining family involvement in literacy development for emergent bilingual students in a first-grade classroom. The goal of this study is to analyze how families engage with reading and literacy activities at home, considering their cultural and linguistic backgrounds. The intervention consists of home-school literacy journals, where students and family members complete simple literacy activities together. These activities include drawing, storytelling, and responding to bilingual prompts about shared reading experiences. By incorporating literacy tasks into home routines, the project seeks to strengthen the home-school connection and gather insights into the nature of family involvement rather than solely focusing on parents' perspectives. Data collection includes student surveys (to assess reading habits and perceptions), home-school literacy journals (to document family literacy engagement), and interviews (to gather qualitative insights from students and families). A qualitative case study methodology will guide data collection and analysis, providing a holistic understanding of how families engage in literacy activities and the role these practices play in students’ literacy development.

 

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Escobar, Caroline

Curriculum and instruction

RESEARCH TITLE

Mental Health in Students Post COVID-19

ABSTRACT

This project explores how teachers and administrators in private K-8 schools have observed the mental health impacts of COVID-19 on their students. The goal is to understand these changes and highlight ways schools can better support student wellness through restorative justice practices and social-emotional learning (SEL). Using a qualitative research approach, I developed open-ended interview questions to gather detailed, personal insights. Interviews were conducted with five teachers and one administrator from a Catholic school, each with over five years of experience in education.

Participants shared that student anxiety, emotional struggles, and social challenges have noticeably increased since the pandemic. They also described a lack of mental health resources and how difficult it is to fit SEL into already packed school schedules. The findings suggest that students would benefit from more consistent SEL routines and a stronger focus on relationship-building and restorative practices throughout the school day.

This research shows the urgent need for private schools to prioritize mental wellness and offers practical, realistic ways to make that happen.

 

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Giacinto, John

curriculum and instruction

RESEARCH TITLE

Chatbots in the Classroom: Secondary ELA Educators’ Perspectives on Generative AI Integration

ABSTRACT

This project aims to better understand what informs the position of secondary level ELA educators on the implications of AI’s presence in curriculum and instruction through a mixed-methods approach that focuses on educator’s experiences, insights, and outlooks. Specifically, the study involves the completion of a voluntary survey by secondary-level ELA educators and voluntary participation in a semi-structured interview of a sub-sample of survey respondents conducted over email and video conference software.

By understanding what informs the positions of secondary level ELA educators on the implications of AI’s presence in curriculum and instruction we can: Inform and empower educators on the topic of generative AI use in the classroom, mitigate potential risks and maximize potential benefits of an AI integrated classroom, and determine potential frameworks for effective and responsive AI use at the ELA classroom or department level.

 

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Gulbranson, Abby

curriculum and instruction

RESEARCH TITLE

Understanding the Effectiveness of Fully Online versus Blending Learning through Lexia-English

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of technology is seen around the world, including the classroom. Technology is part of the school day in one form or another. The fourth and fifth graders I currently teach began school online with the COVID pandemic. These students were in kindergarten and first grade when the pandemic began. This study seeks to understand the effectiveness of online learning versus blending learning with the growing influence of online resources, especially post pandemic. A correlation has been shown in regards to technology and student success as seen by Aktümen, Kacar, and Sezgin’s research that suggests a correlation exists between a student’s academic success and the use of multimedia software, computer usage, and internet (Ozerbas, Bilge, & Erdogan, 2016). As technology improves, additional resources for students to use in the classroom are being created. This research focuses on Lexia English, an online program that develops students’ literacy skills. I chose to focus on Lexia English for multiple reasons, including the levels of differentiation offered by the program, as well as the student's ability to work independently and self-paced. Through Lexia English, I will be evaluating the effectiveness of learning fully online versus a blended learning approach. Students will be split into two groups. One group will work fully online while the other will participate in a blended approach of working online and in a small group. Pre and post placement exams will be taken to further understand the effectiveness of an fully online versus blended learning approach. I am expecting to see the students participating in a blended learning environment demonstrate faster growth than those working fully online.

 

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Higginbotham, Amanda

Curriculum and Instruction

RESEARCH TITLE

Exploring the Relationship between Intrinsic Motivation and Reading Comprehension

ABSTRACT

This mixed-methods study seeks to better understand the relationship between intrinsic motivation and reading comprehension of elementary students through the implementation of Concept-Oriented Reading Instruction (CORI). The intervention unit consisted of ten, 60 minute CORI lessons adapted from research (Guthrie, 2007) focused on building reading comprehension skills and fostering intrinsic motivation through the integration of geology and reading. This study collected data on students’ self-reported intrinsic reading motivation and reading comprehension scores. Data will be gathered through pre- and post- surveys and pre- and post-comprehension assessments.

 

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Kaplan, Leah

curriculum and instruction

RESEARCH TITLE

Experiential Learning and Social Justice Education

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the study is to investigate the ways that the pedagogy of experiential learning creates meaningful and engaging experiences of social justice education. I ask: To what extent is experiential learning an effective pedagogy for engaging students in thinking about intersectional identities and positionality in society? What kind of obstacles are there to meaningful learning about intersectionality and positionality, and how could a social justice learning experience be improved to mitigate those barriers? To investigate these questions, I introduce an intervention workshop that approaches the ideas of intersectionality and positionality through the pedagogy of experiential learning. The theoretical framework is rooted in scholarship around social justice education, especially the work of bell hooks, and the workshop approaches teaching about social justice education through the pedagogy of experiential learning in order to create opportunities for praxis and conscientization. In the workshop, participants create a representation of their own intersectional identity and interact with the Positionality Map to follow a path of their own positionality. Data for this project is qualitative and comes in the form of participants’ open-ended responses and reflections regarding their experience with the intersectionality and positionality workshop. Following the experiences that approach the concepts of intersectionality and positionality, participants reflect on their learning about identity and society through a retroactive post test survey as well as through discussions during the workshop. The questions of the retroactive post-test reflect the inquiries of the research with the goal of eliciting relevant data for thematic analysis. Data analysis will be conducted with the qualitative methodology of open and axial coding of participant responses with the intention to discover and synthesize emerging themes around participants’ experiences with perceived effectiveness, engagement, and meaning of the social justice education workshop taught with an experiential learning pedagogy.

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Kleinsmith, Asher

Curriculum and instruction

RESEARCH TITLE

Seeing is Believing: How Representation Shapes STEM Identity

ABSTRACT

This research project investigates how highlighting diverse scientists influences underrepresented middle school students’ STEM-specific sense of belonging. The objective is to foster greater connection, engagement, and confidence among students who are often marginalized in science fields. Guided by research on STEM identity development, representation, and belonging, this study uses a mixed-methods design to capture both measurable changes and personal insights.

Students in an eighth-grade science class will participate in a month-long intervention where they learn about diverse scientists through structured warm-ups and create their own scientist highlights. Data will be collected through pre- and post-surveys using Likert-scale, multiple-choice, and open-ended questions. Quantitative data will be analyzed descriptively to identify trends in belonging, confidence, and STEM career interest, while qualitative responses will be thematically coded to explore deeper student reflections.

Although full results are forthcoming, it is expected that exposure to diverse scientists will lead to increased STEM-specific belonging and engagement, especially for students from underrepresented backgrounds. This project holds scholarly significance by contributing to research on representation in STEM education and providing practical, classroom-based strategies for fostering equity and inclusion in middle school science settings.

 

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Lawson, Guadalupe

curriculum and instruction

RESEARCH TITLE

The Impact of Integrating History with English Writing Instruction on the Identity Creation of Native Spanish and Native English Speakers in a Dual Language Immersion Program

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to investigate the integration of history and writing on self-perception and identity development of students who are Native Spanish or Native English speakers in a Dual Language Immersion classroom. The research explores how integrating history with writing can strengthen students’ identities as writers of English in a bilingual setting. My research addresses gaps in existing literature that do not account for the integration of writing with history instruction in upper elementary classrooms in Dual Language Immersion schools. In this mixed methods study, I will collect data via a survey to gauge my students' perceptions as writers and their confidence in integrating history in their writing. These questions are designed to gather data on how students view themselves and how key factors such as the perception of others and the use of scaffolds influence their self-perceptions. I will also collect data through student essays using a writing rubric that evaluates their ability to cite evidence and use appropriate conventions. I plan to analyze the data by giving my students a pre- and post-survey, conducting interviews, and analysing their writing samples using a rubric aligned with California Common Core Standards for 6th grade argumentative writing. The information gained from this research may help education professionals better understand how students think about integrating history instruction with writing instruction and how that supports students feeling more confident in their writing skills.

 

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Leung, Stanley

higher education counseling and student affairs

RESEARCH TITLE

Funding and Priorities: Exploring Budget Equity Across Divisions

ABSTRACT

Have you ever wondered why some divisions at the university are better funded than others? A preliminary analysis of Cal Poly’s budget books reveals notable disparities within the divisions Reviewing the annual budget reports, Academic Affairs receives over half of the university’s general operating budget annually, while divisions like Student Affairs, Diversity & Inclusion, and University Development receive significantly smaller shares—even as demand for student support services and inclusive programming grows (Hoyt, 2023). These patterns raise questions about how resource allocation reflects institutional priorities.

This project aims to analyze how Cal Poly’s general fund is distributed across its major divisions over the past four fiscal years (FY2020–21 through FY2023–24). The goal is to identify trends in funding growth, compare relative allocations, and assess whether divisions with varying operational scopes and responsibilities receive funding proportional to their roles.

Using a quantitative, descriptive research approach, I will examine secondary data from Cal Poly’s published budget books. I will extract base allocation amounts for each division—such as Academic Affairs, Student Affairs, Administration & Finance, Information Technology Services, and the Office of Diversity & Inclusion—and analyze year-over-year trends. Where possible, I will contextualize these allocations alongside enrollment and strategic campus initiatives. This research will help surface potential equity gaps in funding and inform campus conversations around transparency, shared governance, and mission-aligned budgeting.

 

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Lucero, Miranda

curriculum and instruction 

RESEARCH TITLE

Assessment and Extracurriculars in Rural Areas

ABSTRACT

This mixed-methods study explores how high-stakes standardized assessment affects the quantity and quality of extracurricular opportunities available to 3rd and 4th-grade students in a low-socioeconomic, rural community. The study compares these findings to a middle-income, suburban school to examine disparities in access and engagement.

Guided by a socioecological perspective, this study considers the strong correlation between socioeconomic status (SES) and educational opportunity (Aikens & Barbarin, 2008). It draws from research linking extracurricular involvement to positive academic, behavioral, and health outcomes (Villareal & Gonzalez, 2016; Mahoney et al., 2006; Connelly et al., 2022).

A mixed-methods approach will be used, including surveys and interviews. Quantitative data will be collected via student surveys and standardized assessment scores, while qualitative insights will come from student and teacher interviews.

Participants are 3rd and 4th-grade students from a rural school in the Eastern U.S. (avg. 19 students/classroom; 49% qualify for free/reduced lunch). Surveys (Google Forms) and voice-recorded interviews will be used to gather and analyze data. Comparisons will be made with a demographically different suburban school.

It is expected that the rural school will offer fewer extracurricular options and that assessment pressures may effect participation.

This study contributes to conversations about educational equity, illustrating how policy and SES influence student access to developmental opportunities beyond academics.

 

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Marfia, Collin

higher education counseling and student affairs

Collin is a first-year graduate student in the (M.S) Higher Education, Counseling, and Student Affairs program. He received his B.A in History and B.S. in Anthropology & Geography at Cal Poly SLO. Collin currently works as an Academic Advisor within the Mustang Success Center, the First-Year Advising Center, and as the Student Director for the HE{a]RD, a qualitative market research program housed within the Assessment and Research division of the Office of the Vice President of Student Affairs. In his free time, Collin enjoys spending time with friends and family, rock climbing, and roller skating. Collin’s other involvements on campus include Cal Poly Rose Float, the Archaeology Club, and a research project within the School of Education. Collin’s short-term career goals include working in student affairs and higher education, potentially in academic advising or as a program coordinator, with the long-term goal of transition into curriculum design and educational programming for museums and archives.

LinkedIn

RESEARCH TITLE

The Effects of Informal Learning on Higher Education

ABSTRACT

This project seeks to explore the impacts of informal learning and object-based learning (OBL) on higher education students. I will be doing a systematic literature review of studies done on students that receive such education (i.e. museum-based instruction, hands-on learning, etc.) and the potential benefits or drawbacks that this modality of learning has had on their experience as a student. This project will draw heavily on studies based in social sciences education, but will also explore the impact this style of education has had on other disciplines (pending availability of current literature). The foundation and inspiration for this line of inquiry comes from Cal Poly’s “Learn By Doing” motto, and different ways that this style of learning has been implemented elsewhere. This project will hopefully culminate in a course designed and implemented at Cal Poly, with curriculum based off results found in this study. This work could have a direct impact on Cal Poly students and help further Cal Poly’s “Learn By Doing” mission.

 

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Mayes, Brittney

curriculum and instruction

RESEARCH TITLE

Collaboration for Professional Development: Effects on Primary School Educators’ Self-Efficacy and Student Achievement

ABSTRACT

This research looks at how working together through collaborative professional development (CPD) influences primary school teachers’ self-efficacy and how it connects to their students’ academic achievement. Instead of teachers learning in isolation, this study focuses on group learning experiences like peer coaching, team lesson planning, and professional learning communities (PLC). Using a mixed-methods approach, the study gathers data through surveys which offer observable measures of self-efficacy as well as stories through interviews to get a fuller picture of collaborative practices at play and how they feel about them. The results show that when teachers regularly collaborate, their confidence in teaching grows. They try new strategies more often, feel better supported, and create richer learning experiences for their students. More importantly, students benefit too. Schools where teachers engaged in collaboration saw noticeable improvements in student performance. The findings suggest that professional development isn’t just about attending workshops, but rather about building strong, ongoing relationships among educators. When teachers learn and grow together, both the teachers and their students benefit. This study offers ideas for schools and leaders who want to make collaboration a real and lasting part of professional learning.

 

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Mink, Grace

curriculum and instruction 

RESEARCH TITLE

The Impact of Parent-Implemented Literacy Practices on Student Literacy Development

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between parent implementation of at-home literacy practices and students’ attitudes towards engaging in the practices.

Research questions: What effects do implementing at-home literacy practices have on the experiences of parents and students?

How can teachers best support parents to implement at-home literacy practices?

Relevant Research: Incorporating literacy practices at home while also practicing at school predicts a positive impact on literacy development (Lonigan, & Shanahan, 2009).

Literacy-rich environments that consist of play-based activities focused around literacy are highly effective in promoting literacy development (Roscos, et al., 2003).

Home and school are the two places where children engage in the most learning. Bridging that gap is important to see literacy success (Galindo & Sheldon, 2012).

Parents are oftentimes not aware of how to support their child and the reading and writing skills that encourage literacy abilities. They have certain perceptions of how to get a desired outcome and value more of a drill and practice method versus other, more developmentally appropriate methods that value a process rather than an outcome (Al‐Momani, 2010).

 

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Montaseri, Armin

higher education counseling and student affairs

RESEARCH TITLE

Utilization of animal therapy in the CSU system

ABSTRACT

It has become more popular recently to use animals as a source of therapy or comfort for many: especially students. The most many of us see is when campus organizations bring an animal(typically dogs) to provide relief and a sense of comfort that students may not be able to receive while completing their degree. Across the 23 CSU campuses, there may be different approaches to this practice that I will dissect through a content analysis of online resources regarding the therapy services on campus. This can include, but is not limited to: department websites, Instagram posts, and academic calendars. This type of support is possible across all campuses, and by analyzing the different programs, it will become apparent if they have made these programs unique, or are copying a basic framework. There may also be notable differences in the organizations on campus that choose to host these events. As I comb through their programs, the study would point out key similarities in varying programs, as well as their unique attributes and how it may be contributing to the success of their programs.

 

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Mota, Anthony

higher education counseling and student affairs

RESEARCH TITLE

Foster Youth Support: A CSU Webpage Analysis

ABSTRACT

For my research project, I will be conducting a content analysis of all 23 CSU Guardian Scholars webpages to see how each campus presents support services for foster youth. The goal is to identify common themes, resources highlighted, and items that are missing or inconsistent across campuses. Since websites are usually the first-place students look for to get information, it's important to understand how these programs are consistent with communicating support.

I will be approaching this from a critical perspective, focusing on equity, access, and how information (and the lack of it) can impact a marginalized population like foster youth, who already have many challenges in higher education. My data will come from publicly available web-pages, and I will be reviewing them to find patters related to academic support, financial aid, housing, mentorship, enrollment applications, qualifications, and overall messaging.

I expect to find that while some campuses provide clear and detailed information, many others might not be as developed or offer enough information on their program. This is important because foster youth need consistent, access resources to succeed and stay in school. This project highlights the role of effective communication in supporting retentions and success for this underserved community.

 

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Oropeza Lazaro, Niyvi 

curriculum and instruction

RESEARCH TITLE

Building Success for ELD Learners: Identifying Effective Strategies and Practices

ABSTRACT

This research study will examine effective strategies and practices designed to support English Language Development (ELD) students—learners who are in the process of acquiring proficiency in English while being fluent in one or more other languages. The study aims to identify strategies that can help (ELD) students overcome the challenges they face in language acquisition.

My research question is: How can we ensure that ELD programs remain effective for the diverse needs of students over time?

The project will utilize a mixed methods approach, blending both qualitative and quantitative techniques in a single study. Using both approaches, I aim to gain a more holistic understanding of the research topic, ensuring that statistical patterns and individual experiences are captured and analyzed. The pre-survey will offer initial quantitative data, by helping to identify patterns or trends among participants to better understand their backgrounds, experiences. Interviews will provide qualitative insights, allowing for a deeper exploration of participants' perspectives, experiences, and motivations, complementing the data collected from surveys. Lastly, assessments will offer additional quantitative measures, enabling comparisons and evaluation of specific variables or outcomes. Assessment Data (Score) will analyze data to evaluate students' progress and performance.

The results will inform my future teaching practice by allowing me to make evidence-based adjustments to instructional methods This information is going to provide teachers with insights into student needs, learning preferences, and areas where students may require additional support, allowing for more targeted and personalized instruction. For instance, understanding which activities and approaches most effectively support language acquisition will help me tailor teaching strategies to better meet students’ needs.

 

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Puccinelli, Jessica

curriculum and instruction

RESEARCH TITLE

The Impact of the Strong Start Curriculum on SEL in a Montessori Preschool

ABSTRACT

This study examines the effects of the Strong Start Social Emotional Curriculum on the social emotional skills of preschoolers in a mixed-age Montessori preschool. The intervention utilizes Merrell's Strong Start Curriculum, consisting of 10 partially scripted lessons on topics such as recognizing emotions, managing feelings of anger, worry, and happiness, cultivating friendships, and resolving conflicts. Data collection methods will include pre-intervention and post-intervention parent surveys, including a Likert scale and open ended questions, teacher surveys, which will include the Tauck Family Formative Foundation Assessment Tool (Child Trends, 2014) and open ended questions, behavioral observations using open coding to assess behavior before and after the intervention, and pre-intervention and post-intervention teacher interviews including open ended questions. The findings could demonstrate an effective, affordable, and easily implementable SEL solution for early childhood educators. Additionally, the findings could contribute to broader educational goals by enhancing the social-emotional skills of preschoolers, thus improving their readiness for future academic challenges and overall success.

 

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Ramos-Manzo, Sandra

Curriculum and instruction

RESEARCH TITLE

Embedding First Nations Teachings in Project Based Learning for Social and Emotional Learning

ABSTRACT

This research examines the influence of using a project-based (PBL) framework embedded with First Nations teachings of human development on social and emotional learning (SEL) lessons for middle school children. This mixed-methods research incorporates the breath of life theory, founded in First Nations ontology and physics’ theory of everything, by Dr. Cindy Blackstock, a First Nations member and scholar. Data collection will consist of a pre and post survey on their perspectives of self-determination. Selected students will be interviewed on their feedback and experiences on PBL lessons. In these lessons, students will identify a community issue they are interested in looking into and finding actionable solutions for. Students will be required to communicate with community experts and resources as part of the assignment. Data will be analyzed by comparing pre and post survey responses to determine growth in students’ knowledge of self, solidarity, and self-determination. Interviews will be coded focusing on themes of freedom of what to research, being able to help their community and family members solve problems, and how their efforts were purposeful in affecting real-world change in their community. This study can provide insight for the development of an effective SEL curriculum and the role of PBL in its creation, that centers students’ identities. This can inform teachers on how to structure SEL lessons to make the work meaningful and empowering to students.

 

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Reyes, Cristian

higher education counseling and student affairs 

RESEARCH TITLE

Sin comida, dinero, y diploma: Latinx student struggles in degree attainment

ABSTRACT

Students who receive financial aid or emergency food support are more likely to face concentration challenges in their academic work and are at higher risk of delaying their program completion due to ongoing concerns about basic needs like food, housing, and other essentials (Moya et. al., 2025). As such, this secondary data analysis aims to examine how financial and food insecurity impact graduation rates for Latinx students in higher education. Grounded in positivist and critical paradigms, this study employs a mixed-methods approach. Using data from the NCES’ National Postsecondary Student Aid Study to run a logistic regression, I will determine if financial and food insecurity have a disproportionate impact on Latinx graduation rates compared to their peers; I will contextualize this data using qualitative information derived from a content analysis of published blogs and research studies. Preliminary analysis indicates that all students may be impacted by financial and food insecurity, but disproportionate graduation rates continue to happen because of additional factors that may be exclusive to race/ethnicity. Given this, there is a critical need for policy interventions that address the systemic barriers contributing to financial and food insecurity, particularly for Latinx students, to promote equitable graduation outcomes in higher education.

 

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Rojas, Sonia

higher education counseling and student affairs

Sonia is a first-generation student from Dana Point, CA, currently pursuing a degree in the Higher Education Counseling & Student Affairs program. She began her academic journey at Saddleback College before transferring to California State University, Fullerton, where she earned her degrees in Child and Adolescent Development with an emphasis in Human Development.

Sonia currently serves as a Graduate Advisor for the Educational Opportunity Program, supporting students in the College of Business. She also holds a position as a Graduate Intern for Graduate Education, where she develops programming to support graduate students. Sonia’s experiences as a first-generation student have shaped her passion for empowering underrepresented students and working to remove barriers in higher education.

LinkedIn

RESEARCH TITLE

Exploring Financial Influences on First-Generation College Students

ABSTRACT

This secondary analysis research project investigates the role financial factors play in shaping the academic and social experiences of first-generation college students. The goal is to understand how financial circumstances influence both the positive and negative experiences students face during their time in college. Centering on a student perspective, the project explores how financial factors intersect with access to campus resources, academic opportunities, and overall college engagement.

The project will analyze existing quantitative and qualitative data drawn from prior surveys and interviews with first-generation undergraduate students from diverse socioeconomic and demographic backgrounds. The quantitative component will examine general financial and academic factors to identify potential patterns and relationships For the qualitative component, thematic analysis will be applied to the existing interview transcripts to identify and interpret recurring patterns in how students discuss their financial experiences.

This research aims to provide a deeper understanding of how financial factors uniquely impact first-generation college students and to gather evidence that can guide colleges in developing effective programs and support services tailored to first-generation college students.

 

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Ruhl, Samantha

curriculum and instruction

RESEARCH TITLE

Effects of Vocabulary Instruction on Comprehension

ABSTRACT

This study examines the impact of explicit morphology and phonics instruction on secondary students’ reading comprehension. Many students enter high school with gaps in vocabulary knowledge, often due to early reliance on sight word memorization and disrupted learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Morphological instruction—teaching roots, prefixes, and suffixes—can help students decode unfamiliar words, gain pattern seeking behaviors, and build vocabulary independently.

Over five weeks, 10th-grade students were divided into two groups: one received morphology-based vocabulary instruction, and the other followed a sight word method. Both groups completed a pre- and post-assessment involving a short story and comprehension questions, along with two vocabulary lessons and quizzes.

Quantitative data were collected through assessments and observational field notes. Data analysis included mastery-based scoring and visual representation of trends, means, and medians.

This research aims to provide evidence for effective vocabulary instruction at the secondary level and to inform strategies that can help close the literacy gap among struggling readers.

 

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Sharvit, Adielle

higher education counseling and student affairs

RESEARCH TITLE

The Importance of Graduate Student Orientation

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this project is to gain an understanding of the importance of orientation for students entering a graduate program. Currently, at Cal Poly Slo, we do not have an orientation program due to the small population of graduate students at the institution. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to gather data about the benefits and the effects of general orientation for graduate students. Taken from a psychological and postivist perspective, the project researches the benefits that graduate students experience from orientation across different college campuses. The data sources that are used for this project are research articles on graduate orientation, specifically from EBSCOhost, Cal Poly’s library database. The expected results of this project are to show that graduate students were positively impacted by their graduate orientation experience, where they found a sense of belonging at their university. The scholarly significance of this project shows how graduate orientation can be conducted and tailored, through virtual or in-person options, to create a sense of belonging at a new university.

 

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Smith, Ash

higher education counseling and student affairs

Ash is a first-year graduate student in the Higher Education Counseling and Student Affairs (HECSA) program. Having earned a B.A. in Sociology from Sonoma State University, they are dedicated to supporting students from diverse backgrounds and demystify the college experience. Currently, Ash works as a graduate assistant for Cal Poly Student Success and serves as a student ambassador for National and International Fellowships and Scholarships. In their spare time, they enjoy hiking, painting, and spending time with friends!

LinkedIn

RESEARCH TITLE

Navigating Identity and Belonging: A Systematic Review of LGBTQ+ Students' Challenges While Studying Abroad

ABSTRACT

College students who identify as LGBTQ+ regularly face unique and often underexplored challenges when studying abroad. While international education is promoted as a transformative experience, LGBTQ+ students must often navigate not only the complexities of a new culture, but also the added risks of discrimination, invisibility, and identity negotiation. Despite the growing diversity of students pursuing global education, literature highlights a gap in understanding the nuanced experiences of LGBTQ+ students overseas, particularly regarding their sense of belonging and socioemotional well-being.

Therefore, the purpose of this study is to systematically review and synthesize qualitative research on the challenges LGBTQ+ students encounter while studying abroad, with a focus on how these experiences impact their identity, mental health, and sense of belonging.

Grounded in a constructivist paradigm, this study employs a systematic literature review of qualitative studies. Peer-reviewed articles published in the last fifteen years will be identified through the use of search tools, such as OneSearch and Google Scholar. Thematic synthesis will be used to analyze findings across studies, highlighting common barriers, coping strategies, and sources of support reported by LGBTQ+ students.

Preliminary analysis of the existing literature suggests that LGBTQ+ students abroad face homophobia, transphobia, lack of inclusive housing and documentation, and a “double barrier” of isolation-feeling marginalized both within their cultural group and the broader LGBTQ+ community. Many also report modifying their behavior or concealing aspects of their identity to ensure safety, which can negatively affect their mental health and academic engagement.

Given the persistent legal and cultural risks, as well as the lack of tailored support structures, it is anticipated that the findings from this systematic review will highlight the urgent need for inclusive programming and policy reforms to ensure that LGBTQ+ students can fully benefit from the study abroad experience without compromising their well-being or identity.

 

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Teitelbaum, Nicolette

curriculum and instruction

RESEARCH TITLE

School to Home Communication at the Middle-School Level: How Impactful Is It?

ABSTRACT

This study examines how regular communication home can impact middle school engagement. The study seeks to answer the question, would more parental awareness of what is going on at school help middle school students as they transition from the elementary to secondary settings? Participants for the study will include both parents and students within my 6th period class. A pre and post survey will be administered to collect data, as well as interviews for both groups. Between the interviews a two week intervention period will occur in which communication home will be increased to twice a week with information such as upcoming classroom and school events, tips for how to help their student with class assignment and information on current curriculum. The information gained from this research can help future teachers and administrators understand the power of frequent communication at the middle school level. It will further shed light on how impactful increased communication can be to help narrow the divide between all stakeholders within the educational community. In addition, this research will illuminate how this increased awareness will improve student engagement within the classroom.

 

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Thayer, Grace

curriculum and instruction

RESEARCH TITLE

Project-Based Learning in Mathematics for Elementary Students

ABSTRACT

This study seeks to examine the impact of project-based learning (PBL) on mathematics engagement among elementary students, so as to inform educators on best practices to improve student engagement and achievement.

Incorporating PBL into the classroom has been shown to benefit students by increasing both their engagement and achievement in mathematics.

Methods included a week long instructional unit, using a survey on student attitudes towards math, and a quiz on a mathematical skill prior to and after the project-based learning unit. As well as survey on math attitudes, math pre/post assessment, and geometry project (creating a geometry theme park).

Anticipated results were that students show improvement of geometry skills and math attitudes.

This study may be used to reimagine mathematics instruction for teachers, specifically at my school site and in my classroom. This study has the potential to demonstrate a need for hands-on, project-based learning to be implemented into mathematics instruction.

 

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Thomas, Russell

curriculum and instruction

RESEARCH TITLE

Utilizing the Flipped Classroom to Benefit a Culinary CTE Program

ABSTRACT

This Career Technical Education (CTE) study is seeking to analyze if the flipped classroom model in a CTE culinary lab setting can influence quality lab performance.

Perspective/theoretical framework: Two week intervention with online videos embedded with quiz questions, live demonstrations, class activities, and hands-on labs.

Methods: Pre and Post lab surveys; lab observation sheets.

Data sources: surveys, observation sheets. Lab project observed for outcomes.

Results expected: the flipped classroom model should achieve stronger assessments in lecture and lab.

Scholarly significance: Flipped classroom model in a culinary setting could increase more quality lab time for instructors along with achieving higher scoring formative and practical assessments.

 

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Vargas-Castaneda, Yazmine

higher education counseling and student affairs

Yazmine Vargas is a first-generation college student pursuing a master’s degree in Higher Education and Student Affairs (HECSA). She earned her Bachelor of Science in Child Development from Cal Poly San Luis Obispo in 2024. Currently, Yazmine serves as the graduate advisor for the College of Liberal Arts advising team, where she also collaborates closely with the Multicultural Scholars Program to support student success. In her free time, she enjoys reading on her kindle, catching a sunset, and listening to Taylor Swift!

RESEARCH TITLE

From Incarceration to Education: Building Pathways for Formerly Justice-Impacted Students

ABSTRACT

Formerly justice-impacted student populations are growing within higher education, but there seems to be a gap on addressing their needs and academic resources to their academic success. The purpose of this project is to gain an understanding of the implementations that institutions can take to support the formerly justice-impacted. This project will be conducted through a systematic literature review while gathering qualitative data to support findings. Participant interviews will be analyzed and coded to gather data on themes that relate to institutional resources to support academic success. I expect the results to lean towards students feeling a lack of sense of belonging, finding pressure in financial and housing insecurities, fighting stigmas, and seeing benefits of mentorship. It is important to further expand our knowledge on the needs of this population as they are a growing population. It would behoove institutions to understand economic, social, and academic disparities that show up in this population and would increase diversity, equity, and inclusion efforts for universities.

 

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Vazquez, Gabe

higher education counseling and student affairs

RESEARCH TITLE

Reflective Writing Practices to Support Student Well-Being

ABSTRACT

I am aiming to explore how higher education scholars have examined the impacts of journaling and reflective writing practices on the mental health and resiliency of college students. With rising concerns about student mental health in higher education, understanding accessible, low-cost interventions like writing practices is increasingly important. Drawing from research across higher education, student affairs, counseling, and psychology, this study will review and synthesize existing literature that addresses how reflective writing influences stress management, emotional regulation, and resilience-building in college student populations.

Using a qualitative, integrative literature review methodology, the project will analyze secondary data from peer-reviewed studies, with a focus on identifying common findings, theoretical perspectives, and gaps in the research. Sources will include scholarly articles examining expressive writing interventions, reflective practices in academic settings, and mental health outcomes among college students. While final findings are in progress, I anticipate that the literature will highlight both psychological benefits (e.g., reduced anxiety and depression symptoms) and personal development gains (e.g., increased resilience and coping strategies) associated with reflective writing.

This project aims to contribute to discussions in higher education about how non-clinical, developmental supports can enhance student well-being and academic persistence. The findings may offer practical implications for student support services, academic programs, and wellness initiatives seeking low-barrier strategies to foster resilience among diverse college student populations.

 

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Victor, Cassandra

curriculum and instruction

RESEARCH TITLE

Effectiveness of Translanguaging for English Only Speakers in Spanish Language Arts

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to explore how effective translanguaging (using both Spanish and English) is for English-Only (EO) students in a dual immersion classroom. The study aims to explore how using both languages helps EO students learn Spanish, and enhance their language skills, with focusing on bilingualism, the understanding of different cultures and reading and writing in two languages. Additionally, the research will add to the growing knowledge of how translanguaging works in early education, especially in bilingual classrooms to see how translanguaging helps students and how it affects their language development and how to support these students during their Spanish Language Arts instruction. Overall, this mixed methods study will gather both written and spoken data such as oral interviews with student responses and class work students have completed during the time I only spoke Spanish without using translanguaging during SLA. By analyzing the collected data I will be using the mixed methods approach, combining qualitative analysis of the oral interviews with all my students and categorizing them by English only, Bilingual, English Learners and seeing how each student answers the questions asked by the teacher. I will also be making notes of similarities or differences I noticed from their oral responses to see if there are any patterns and or themes that come up from their responses. For their class work I have focused on worksheets surrounding our unit themes for the three weeks where translanguaging was not implemented. This approach aims to examine the impact of translanguaging on student engagement and language skills, the study seeks to provide insights into how translanguaging strategies contribute to students’ language development in the classroom.

 

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Von Gober, Sydney

curriculum and instruction

RESEARCH TITLE

Building Community in the Preschool Classroom

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to explore how to create a stronger sense of belonging in the preschool classroom through building community. Data will be collected before and after a two week unit focusing on community building in my preschool classroom is taught to assess the changes in children’s sense of belonging. Relevant research includes toys as community building tools and factors contributing to belonging in early childhood from peer reviewed articles. Expected results will be that after the unit, children’s sense of belonging in the classroom with increase dramatically. This research is significant because it has the potential to help preschool teachers build a strong sense of belonging in their classrooms, benefitting students both academically and socially.

 

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Walker, Nora

curriculum and instruction

RESEARCH TITLE

Syntax Instruction & EB Reading Comprehension

ABSTRACT

This study will analyze the impact of collaborative instruction in syntax and vocabulary on reading scores for emergent bilingual middle school students. In doing so, it will uncover methods of instruction that both engage students in the reading comprehension process and produce the result of increased comprehension and self-efficacy in reading. The intervention that will be implemented is a three week unit where instruction will be centered on syntax and inferring vocabulary through contextual analysis. They will read a mix of nonfiction articles and fiction short stories and use them as mentor texts to practice their syntax and vocabulary decoding skills. I will assess the efficacy of my intervention by administering a pre-assessment and a post-assessment, where students will read a nonfiction article and answer comprehension and vocabulary questions. I will compare data within 2 subpopulations (English only students and emergent bilinguals) to look for potential growth in reading comprehension scores. In addition, I plan to use qualitative data sparingly, in the form of a pre and post-unit survey, to allow students to reflect on their own self-efficacy in reading and their use of comprehension and sentence decoding strategies.

 

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White, Jillian

curriculum and instruction

RESEARCH TITLE

Phonics Instruction in First Grade

ABSTRACT

I am completing a mixed-methods research study that seeks to analyze English Language Arts instruction in a 1st grade classroom in order to make sure students get the proper support (e.g. specific letter-sound instruction and vocabulary definitions) to build concrete knowledge of the alphabet, the alphabet’s sounds, and other sounds in the English language, to thrive academically in both reading and writing in English. My research questions are: What phonics instructional approach is most effective in teaching first grade students the base skills to read in English? Is there one sub-skill that motivates students to participate in learning more than other skills? Some data shows, in order for students in primary grades to gain the knowledge to truly grasp an understanding of the English language and how to read and write in it fluently, they need to listen to texts read aloud to boost their comprehension (Lennox, 2013). Other data shows as students hear the English language being spoken and in specific context, they are motivated to understand the meaning behind the words they are hearing (Gilakjani & Ahmadi, 2011). This study may be used to better understand how to teach phonics to first grade students. It may be able to show quantitative data that leads teachers towards a specific phonics approach based on student success. It also has the potential to provide insight on students tend to feel towards whole word instruction or letter sounds instruction.

 

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Williams, Morgan

Higher education counseling and student affairs

Morgan is a first-year graduate student in the (M.S) Higher Education, Counseling, and Student Affairs program. She received her B.A in Psychology at the University of California, Irvine. Before getting her B.A. in Psychology, she received an A.A. in Psychology at Moorpark Community College. She is currently working three internships at Cal Poly SLO. She is the GA for TRIO Achievers, Career Advisor for Career Services, and an Academic Coach for student athletes for the Mustang Success Center, Athletic Advising. She will be continuing her graduate assistantship with TRIO Achievers next year. She is currently wanting to pursue a career in higher education advising community college students and students with disabilities and has an interest in Crisis Counseling. In her free time, she loves hiking the surrounding area and spending time with her friends and loved ones.

LinkedIn

RESEARCH TITLE

CSU Stalking Reports

ABSTRACT

To find out if the rate of stalking is rising, the purpose is to present the issue of stalking as an increased threat to the CSU campuses. The critical framework, the power of the data collection, shapes how CSU campuses operate. Quantitative research by looking at each CSU's annual security report and the student population size. I will also look for peer-reviewed articles on stalking at higher education institutions for my literature review. The results are that stalking rates are going up significantly. The significance is that colleges should educate their students on the high rate of stalking and how to prevent it from happening.

 

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